TC304Quiz 12: Hydroponics Student ID #:Period:&BdBC@&@AArialBBCB&@AIn this presentation you will learn how to use a dichotomous table as a diagnostic key. You will use this information to determine mineral deficiencies when given plant descriptions. Refer to pages 48 and 49 of the Hydroponic Food Production textbook to complete this exercise.CCCBAMineral DeficienciesDxC DC  DCDC\BACA& BxBCA&?@?@8BCgCA&@AA. Older or lower leavesCCCA&@A"AA. Young leaves, terminal growthBACBBBCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.ACDC&@AIn order to determine which part of the key to use, the first question that must be answered is: "Where do the symptoms first appear?" Read the symptom description again to answer this question. BBCB&ApNo. Read the symptom description carefully. The first sentence states that the "older leaves of the plants..." B?CCBBOCCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of the leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.8BA@DB&@A_Notice the key is divided into two sections, A (page 48) and AA (page 49). Each section is then divided into B and BB, followed by C and CC, etc. At the "end" of each branch is the mineral name which is deficient. Read the symptom description below. You will now use the key and the information provided to determine what mineral is deficient.%?@@?@@BACBBBCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.ACDB&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the older leaves first (option A), you must choose between options B and BB on page 48. You will have to read closely to decide exactly which of the following symptoms are being shown by the plants.DBCgCA&@AB. BCmCtB&@AAGeneral chlorosis and/or drying of lower leaves, retarded growth.CCgCA&@ABB.CCmCB&@AVLocalized mottling or chlorosis with or without dead spots, no drying of lower leaves.B`BClC&ANo. Read the symptom description again carefully. It states that symptoms show "at the tips and between the veins." This means the symptoms are localized, not generalized. Also since the description does not mention retarded growth, assume that the plants are growing normally. %?@?@BACBBBCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.4B.CD(B&@AzExcellent. Now that you know the symptoms are localized (option BB), you must decide between C and CC as listed below BB.@BCgCA&@AC. BCmCB&@AmInterveinal chlorosis, mottled effect with green veins. Margins curl upward, necrotic spots, stalks slender.CCgCA&@ACC.CCmC(B&@A6Mottled or chlorotic leaves with spots of dead tissue.B|BDOC&AThis is a little more difficult than previous levels. Since both C and CC involve mottling, that information is not very helpful. The description does mention spots of dead tissue and since it does not mention curled margins, or slender stalks, the correct choice is CC. %?@?@BACBBBCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.(BCDA&@AAGood. Now the selection is between D and DD as listed below CC. HB\CgCA&@AD.B\CjCB&@ASmall dead spots at tips and between veins. Margins cup downward with brown spots. Growth is restricted, slender stalks. Roots are poorly developed.C[CgCA&@ADD.C[CnC C&@ASpots generalized, rapidly enlarging to include veins, leaves thick, stalks with shortened internodes. Young leaves small, interveinal chlorosis, mottled, curl downward.BXBCC&ANo. The last sentence states that "the roots are not properly developed." Also since the description does not mention any problems with the young leaves, assume that they are growing normally. "?@?@BACBBBCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves of the plants have irregular blotchy patterns of light and dark areas. There are a few small dead spots at the tips of leaves and between the veins. The roots are not properly developed.(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Apotassium, Potassium, POTASSIUMBBCB&ANo. Follow the key on page 48. From A, look at BB. Now look to option CC. Finally, look at option D. To the right of option D is the mineral name Potassium. BBCB&@AExcellent. Now you are ready to diagnose another symptom description. Again, assume that all other causes for these symptoms have been eliminated. It has already been determined that the symptoms must be from a mineral deficiency.?@?@8BCgCA&@AA. Older or lower leavesCCCA&@A"AA. Young leaves, terminal growthBACBB,BC(B&@AcSymptoms: The younger leaves are wilting. However, the growing tip is alive and is not distorted.ACDA&@ADRemember, you must first distinguish where the symptoms are showing.B|BC2C&ANo. The description begins with the fact that the younger leaves are showing symptoms. No mention of older leaves is given. Therefore, assume that they are not showing any unusual symptoms. 8BA@D(B&@ARead the symptom description below. You will now use the key and the information provided to determine what mineral is deficient.BCCBB*CC(B&@AcSymptoms: The younger leaves are wilting. However, the growing tip is alive and is not distorted.%?A?AACD(B&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the younger leaves (option AA), you must choose between options B and BB on page 49.,B^CgCA&@AB. B^CnCB&@A|Growing tip distorted, young leaves at tips chlorotic with necrotic spots expanding to browning of leaf margins and dieback.C^CgCA&@ABB.C^CmCB&@AnGrowing tip alive, not distorted, wilting, or chlorosis with or without dead spots, veins light or dark green.BACBB,BC(B&@AcSymptoms: The younger leaves are wilting. However, the growing tip is alive and is not distorted.BHBC2C&ANo. The description clearly states that "the growing tip is alive and not distorted." Make sure you understand where this information is coming from. Signal the instructor if you need assistance. %?A?A8BCD(B&@A\Excellent. Now you must decide between C and CC based on the condition of the young leaves.@BCgCA&@AC. BCmCtB&@APYoung leaves wilt, chlorosis, necrosis, retarded growth, lodging of growing tip.CCgCA&@ACC.CCmCtB&@AKYoung leaves not wilted, chlorosis with or without necrosis and dead spots.BACBB,BC(B&@AcSymptoms: The younger leaves are wilting. However, the growing tip is alive and is not distorted.BBCB&AmNo. The description clearly states that the "young leaves are wilted." This means that it must be option C. "? A?A(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Acopper, Copper, COPPERBACBB,BC(B&@AcSymptoms: The younger leaves are wilting. However, the growing tip is alive and is not distorted.BBCB&ANo. Follow the key on page 49. From AA, look at BB. Now look to option C. To the right of option C is the mineral name Copper. BBCtB&@AExcellent. Now you are ready to diagnose another symptom description. Refer to the information printed in the book to key this disorder.%?0A?0APCCBA&@AA. CCBA&@AAA. ACDA&@ADRemember, you must first distinguish where the symptoms are showing.BACBBBCtB&@ASymptoms: The lower leaves are drying and turning light green to yellow. Older leaves are beginning to fall off of the plant.B@CC&AeNo. The description begins with the fact that the lower leaves are showing symptoms. No mention of younger leaves is given. Therefore, assume that they are not showing any unusual symptoms. Refer to the key to see that option A indicates the older (lower) leaves are affected. Option AA is selected when younger (terminal growth) leaves are affected. %?@A?@AACD(B&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the older leaves (option A), you must choose between options B and BB on page 48.PCCBA&@AB.CCBA&@ABB.BACBBBCtB&@ASymptoms: The lower leaves are drying and turning light green to yellow. Older leaves are beginning to fall off of the plant.B`BC2C&ANo. Since the description does not state where the discoloration is, you have to assume it is generalized. Also, the symptoms include drying of lower leaves which is only found under option B, not option BB. %?PA?PA8BCD(B&@A\Excellent. Now you must decide between C and CC based on the condition of the young leaves.BACBBBCtB&@ASymptoms: The lower leaves are drying and turning light green to yellow. Older leaves are beginning to fall off of the plant.PCCBA&@AC.CCBA&@ACC.B`BC2C&ANo. The description clearly states that the leaves are "turning light green to yellow." This means that it must be option C. Leaves under option CC remain dark green with purple coloration. "?`A?(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Anitrogen, Nitrogen, NITROGENBACBBBCtB&@ASymptoms: The lower leaves are drying and turning light green to yellow. Older leaves are beginning to fall off of the plant.\BBDB&ANo. Follow the key on page 48. From A, look at B. Now look to option C. To the right of option C is the mineral name Nitrogen. %?pA?pABACBB BCtB&@ASymptoms: The growing tip is distorted and the young leaves are yellowish. However, older leaves remain green. The stems are thick and woody.ACDA&@ADRemember, you must first distinguish where the symptoms are showing.PCCBA&@AA. CCBA&@AAA. BBCC&ANo. The description begins with the fact that the growing tip and younger leaves are showing symptoms. It also states that the older leaves remain green. Therefore, the choice is AA on page 49. %?A?AACDtB&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the growing tip and younger leaves (option AA), you must choose between options B and BB on page 49.BACBB BCtB&@ASymptoms: The growing tip is distorted and the young leaves are yellowish. However, older leaves remain green. The stems are thick and woody.PCCBA&@AB.CCBA&@ABB.BBCC&ANo. The description clearly states that "the growing tip is distorted." Therefore, the choice must be option B: growing tip distorted. Option BB states that the growing tip is alive and not distorted. %?A?A8BCD(B&@A\Excellent. Now you must decide between C and CC based on the condition of the other tissue.BACBB BCtB&@ASymptoms: The growing tip is distorted and the young leaves are yellowish. However, older leaves remain green. The stems are thick and woody.PCCBA&@AC.CCBA&@ACC.BBCB&AgNo. The description states that the "stems are thick and woody." This means that it must be option C. "?A?(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Acalcium, Calcium, CALCIUMBACBB BCtB&@ASymptoms: The growing tip is distorted and the young leaves are yellowish. However, older leaves remain green. The stems are thick and woody.BBCB&ANo. Follow the key on page 49. From AA, look at B. Now look to option C. To the right of option C is the mineral name Calcium. %?A?ABACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves are mottled with dead spots which rapidly enlarge and include the veins. The older leaves are also thick while the younger ones are small and some curl downwards.ACDA&@ADRemember, you must first distinguish where the symptoms are showing.PCCBA&@AA. CCBA&@AAA. BBCB&A|No. The description begins with the fact that the older leaves are showing symptoms. Therefore, the choice is A on page 48. %?A?AACD(B&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the older leaves (option A), you must choose between options B and BB on page 48.PCCBA&@AB.CCBA&@ABB.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves are mottled with dead spots which rapidly enlarge and include the veins. The older leaves are also thick while the younger ones are small and some curl downwards.BPBCC&ANo. The description clearly states that the older leaves are mottled. Therefore, the choice must be option BB. Option B states generalized chlorosis and does not mention mottling. %?A?A8BCD(B&@A\Excellent. Now you must decide between C and CC based on the condition of the other tissue.PCCBA&@AC.CCBA&@ACC.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves are mottled with dead spots which rapidly enlarge and include the veins. The older leaves are also thick while the younger ones are small and some curl downwards.BBCC&ANo. This is a little more difficult. After reading carefully, you should be able to determine that it is option CC. The description states that the leaves are mottled and do have spots of dead tissue. %?A?A8BCDA&@A1Excellent. Now you must decide between D and DD.PCCBA&@AD.CCBA&@ADD.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves are mottled with dead spots which rapidly enlarge and include the veins. The older leaves are also thick while the younger ones are small and some curl downwards.BBCB&A~No. The description states that the leaves are thick and younger leaves curl downward. This means that it must be option DD. "?A?(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Azinc, Zinc, ZINCBACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The older leaves are mottled with dead spots which rapidly enlarge and include the veins. The older leaves are also thick while the younger ones are small and some curl downwards.BBCB&ANo. Follow the key on page 48. From A, look at BB. Now look to option CC. Finally, look at option DD. To the right of option DD is the mineral name Zinc. %?A?ABACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.ACDA&@ADRemember, you must first distinguish where the symptoms are showing.PCCBA&@AA. CCBA&@AAA. BBCB&ANo. The description begins with the fact that the younger leaves are showing symptoms. Therefore, the choice is option AA on page 49. %?A?AACD(B&@ANow that you have determined the symptoms appear in the younger leaves (option AA), you must choose between options B and BB on page 49.PCCBA&@AB.CCBA&@ABB.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.B|BCC&ANo. The description clearly states that the growing tip is not distorted. Therefore, the choice must be option BB. Option B covers those deficiencies that cause the growing tip to become distorted. %?A?A8BCD(B&@A\Excellent. Now you must decide between C and CC based on the condition of the young leaves.PCCBA&@AC.CCBA&@ACC.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.BxBCC&ANo. This should be simple. The description states that the young leaves are not wilted. This is option CC. Option C clearly states that the young leaves wilt. %?A?A8BCDA&@A1Excellent. Now you must decide between D and DD.PCCBA&@AD.CCBA&@ADD.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.BpBC2C&ANo. This is a little more difficult. However, after reading the symptoms carefully, you will see that it states there are not interveinal dead spots. This is listed under option DD. Option D is for deficiencies which affect the veins. %?A?A8BCDA&@A*Finally, you must decide between E and EE.PCCBA&@AE.CCBA&@AEE.BACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.BBCB&AlNo. The description states that the flowers are falling off prematurely. This is a sign under option EE. "?A?(BCD(B&@AvExcellent. Now you must simply read the mineral name to the right of the key to determine which mineral is deficient.TCeCCA&@Airon, Iron, IRONBACBB BCB&@ASymptoms: The tissue is yellowing between the veins of the young leaves. The flowers are falling off prematurely. However, the growing tip is not distorted, the young leaves are not wilted, and there are no interveinal dead spots.BBCC&ANo. Follow the key on page 49. From AA, look at BB. Now look to option CC, followed by DD. Finally, look at option EE. To the right of option EE is the mineral name Iron. BBCtB&@ACongratulations!! Hopefully you have enjoyed learning how to use a dichotomous table as a key. At each level decisions are made to determine what mineral is deficient.9-2