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Small Engines PAC Objectives Activity 1 1-1. Test your pre-existing knowledge of the course material. 1-2. Define the term "small engines." 1-3. Contrast internal and external combustion engines. 1-4. Identify the characteristics by which engines are classified. 1-5. Recognize innovations throughout history that have led to the development of today’s small engines. 1-6. Apply knowledge of engine classifications to engines you utilize frequently. Activity 2 2-1. Identify important parts of a small engine. 2-2. Describe how four-stroke cycle engines operate. 2-3. Determine how two-stroke cycle engines operate. 2-4. Explore various careers that utilize or are associated with small engines. 2-5. Discuss the environmental impact of two-stroke cycle engines as opposed to four-stroke cycle engines. Activity 3 3-1. Define safety and outline common safety practices in a machine shop environment. 3-2. Evaluate common causes of injury. 3-3. Recognize safety and focal colors and their roles in shop safety. 3-4. Describe the fire triangle. 3-5. Define the classes of fires and fire extinguishers. 3-6. Identify energy conversion principles and terms associated with small engines. 3-7. Consider the presence of safety precautions in settings outside the machine shop. Activity 4 4-1. Determine the importance of and potential problems that can develop in a small engine’s compression system. 4-2. Identify the functions and parts of a small engine’s valving system. 4-3. Explain how and why valve systems fail. 4-4. Review proper valve maintenance and repair. 4-5. Test the compression of a small engine. 4-6. Discuss how other small engine systems are interrelated. Activity 5 5-1. Identify the parts of a small engine’s fuel system. 5-2. Describe an engine’s carburetor, its parts, and its function. 5-3. Determine the theory behind how a carburetor operates. 5-4. Categorize air filtration systems used in different types of small engines. 5-5. Examine the air filter on a small engine. 5-6. Analyze the use of air filtration systems in other types of machines. Activity 6 6-1. Investigate advanced aspects of carburetor operation. 6-2. Describe sophisticated carburetor parts and their functions. 6-3. Define the functions of an engine’s fuel filter and fuel pump. 6-4. Examine careers associated with the production of small engine parts. 6-5. Discuss your thoughts on which engine system might be the toughest to develop and manufacture. Activity 7 7-1. Define the governor system and its function. 7-2. Identify the parts of a governor system. 7-3. Classify different types of governor systems. 7-4. Consider common governor system problems. 7-5. Explain governor droop and related concepts. 7-6. Compare a governor to other mechanical systems. Activity 8 8-1. Examine horsepower and torque in more detail. 8-2. Categorize different forms of horsepower. 8-3. Distinguish the role and types of a dynamometer. 8-4. Identify the properties of electricity. 8-5. Classify types of electric currents and circuits. 8-6. Discuss why small engines do not use electric motors. Activity 9 9-1. Identify the components of a small engine’s electrical and charging systems. 9-2. Describe an alternator, its parts, and how they work. 9-3. Outline the workings of a small engine’s ignition system. 9-4. Examine the rewind starting system of a small engine. 9-5. Test the spark plug gap using a spark plug gauge. 9-6. Consider other maintenance that a small engine’s electrical system might require. Activity 10 10-1. Identify the role of an alternator in an engine and how it accomplishes its goals. 10-2. Discuss parts of an engine’s electrical system that work with or are affected by the alternator. 10-3. Examine methods of testing alternators for problems. 10-4. Outline what a digital multimeter measures. 10-5. Determine how heat affects an engine. 10-6. Recognize components of air-cooled and liquid-cooled engine cooling systems. 10-7. Compare the properties of electrical and thermal conductivity in familiar materials. Activity 11 11-1. Determine the function of motor oil in an engine’s operation. 11-2. Define viscosity and other traits of motor oil. 11-3. Identify components of an engine’s lubrication system. 11-4. Distinguish different types of lubrication systems. 11-5. Examine careers that detect, gather, and manufacture natural resources using small engines. 11-6. Describe your experiences with engine lubrication systems. Activity 12 12-1. Examine the major causes of engine failure. 12-2. Analyze what kinds of small engine problems you would consider the most difficult to diagnose, test for, and repair. 12-3.You will also begin challenges to meet several high-level problem-solving objectives. Activity 12 through Activity 15 require students to complete challenges to meet numerous high level problem-solving objectives. Activity 15 15-1. Select appropriate vocabulary terms based on the definitions provided. 15-2.Test your comprehension of concepts gained during this course. 15-3.State and explain your opinion of the Small Engines PAC. The objectives for the challenges in Activity 12 through Activity 15 of this PAC include: Challenge 1 You will conduct research on a career of your choice that utilizes small engines. Share your findings in a presentation. Challenge 2 You will conduct research on a pioneer of your choice in history of small engine development. Share your findings in a presentation. Challenge 3 You will conduct research on the qualities of natural and synthetic motor oils, different oil viscosities, and the applications of each. Share your findings in a presentation. Challenge 4 You will conduct research on an alternative fuel. Share your findings in a presentation. Challenge 5 You will conduct research on how electrically-powered engines operate. Share your findings in a presentation. |
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